Today a state of 309,000 square miles in area, on its founding it occupied half a continent

The clue in the Jeopardy category “International Geography” challenged contestants with the following:
“Today a state of 309,000 square miles in area, on its founding it occupied half a continent.” The correct response pointed to a state whose borders have changed dramatically since its inception, offering a look into colonial history and territorial evolution.

What is New South Wales?

New South Wales was established by the British in 1788 as a penal colony and originally claimed a vast portion of the Australian continent. At the time of its founding, its jurisdiction extended from the eastern seaboard all the way to the 135th meridian east, effectively covering more than half of Australia. This vast territory included areas that would eventually become other states and territories.

In its early years, New South Wales was not just a settlement but a governing hub for British interests across much of the continent. It included modern-day Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia, and parts of the Northern Territory. The colony’s sweeping claim represented the British Empire’s broad ambitions and the practical need to govern a sparsely populated but expansive new land.

A Colony Divided Over Time

As populations increased and regional identities developed, the enormous territory of New South Wales was gradually reduced. Tasmania, then called Van Diemen’s Land, was separated in 1825. South Australia was carved out in 1836, followed by Victoria in 1851. In 1859, Queensland became a separate colony as well. Each new colony was formed to manage growing settlements and political needs more effectively.

These divisions were not abrupt but rather the result of decades of expansion, exploration, and administrative change. By the end of the 19th century, New South Wales had been reduced to its current shape, a large but much smaller area compared to its original boundaries.

The State Today

Modern New South Wales covers around 309,000 square miles (roughly 800,000 square kilometers) and is the most populous state in Australia. It’s home to Sydney, the country’s largest city and a major economic and cultural center. Although its size has diminished significantly since the 18th century, New South Wales remains a vital part of the Australian federation.

The state features a variety of landscapes—from the Blue Mountains and coastal beaches to rich agricultural plains—and plays a central role in national commerce, politics, and culture. Its development reflects the broader transformation of Australia from colonial outposts to modern states.

Interpreting the Clue

This Final Jeopardy clue offered a chance to explore the historical geography of Australia. While the term “state” refers to a political division today, in the late 1700s it referred to an expansive colonial territory. New South Wales’ original boundaries tell a story of empire, exploration, and the practical challenges of governing a continent-sized landmass.

As territories broke away and gained their own identities, New South Wales evolved from being the central authority to one of several states in a federated system. The clue serves as a reminder of how political borders are not static but shaped by time, population, and governance.